Related: URL for random image - #12 by devon
Interestingly (at least to me): Google Photos doesn’t have a specific UX for going to “this day” or “this week”: there’s now a carousel at the top of the Photos view, and that sometimes has a “1 year ago” or “2 years ago” album.
I suspect most people view this feature via the app notification, rather than navigating to it on demand.