What does fileFilterNoStat mean?

That filter means that node couldn’t stat the file.

You may be banging up against macOS file security permissions: see this post for how to verify.

If that’s not the issue, please run ./photostructure info --debug /path/to/a/image/on/your/external/drive.jpg, email me the resulting logs (nothing private, please!), and we can look at it together.